气力输送系统：高效物料输送的关键力量

Pneumatic conveying system: the key force for efficient material conveying

在现代工业生产中，物料的输送是一个至关重要的环节。从化工原料到食品颗粒，从建筑粉料到制药成分，各类物料需要在不同的生产环节之间高效流转。气力输送系统作为一种利用气流能量在密闭管道内输送颗粒状物料的技术，凭借其独特的优势，在众多行业中得到了广泛应用。

In modern industrial production, material transportation is a crucial link. From chemical raw materials to food granules, from building powders to pharmaceutical ingredients, various materials need to be efficiently circulated between different production processes. As a technology that utilizes airflow energy to transport granular materials in closed pipelines, pneumatic conveying systems have been widely used in many industries due to their unique advantages.

一、工作原理：气流带动物料的神奇之旅

1、 Working principle: The magical journey of materials driven by airflow

气力输送系统的核心原理是借助气流的动能来推动物料前进。当具有一定速度的气流在管道中流动时，与物料颗粒充分接触。这些物料颗粒受到气流的拖曳力、浮力等作用，悬浮于气流之中，随着气流的方向在管道内移动，从而实现从一处到另一处的输送。

The core principle of pneumatic conveying system is to use the kinetic energy of airflow to push materials forward. When an airflow with a certain velocity flows in a pipeline, it comes into full contact with the material particles. These material particles are suspended in the airflow due to drag, buoyancy, and other effects, and move within the pipeline in the direction of the airflow, thereby achieving transportation from one place to another.

在水平管道输送时，气速需保持在一定水平，使颗粒均匀分散悬浮于气流，防止颗粒在管壁下部沉积。一旦气速低于临界值，即沉积速度，颗粒就会开始沉积，影响输送效率和管道畅通。而在垂直管道向上输送时，随着气速降低，固体含量会增高，当气速降至噎塞速度时，颗粒会汇合成柱塞状，出现腾涌现象，压力急剧升高，导致输送困难 。

When transporting in a horizontal pipeline, the gas velocity should be maintained at a certain level to evenly disperse and suspend particles in the airflow, preventing particles from depositing at the lower part of the pipe wall. Once the gas velocity falls below the critical value, which is the sedimentation rate, particles will begin to deposit, affecting transportation efficiency and pipeline smoothness. When transported upwards in a vertical pipeline, as the gas velocity decreases, the solid content will increase. When the gas velocity drops to the choking velocity, the particles will merge into a plunger shape, causing a surge phenomenon and a sharp increase in pressure, leading to difficulties in transportation.

二、系统类型：多样选择满足不同需求

2、 System type: diverse choices to meet different needs

稀相输送：固体含量通常低于 1 - 10kg/m? ，操作气速较高，大约在 18 - 30m/s。这种输送方式适用于短距离输送，一般输送距离在 300m 以内。其特点是输送速度快，设备简单，投资成本相对较低。例如在一些食品加工厂，输送面粉、糖粉等物料时，稀相输送能够快速将物料输送至各个加工环节，满足生产的及时性需求。

Dilute phase transportation: Solid content is usually below 1-10kg/m, The operating speed is relatively high, about 18-30m/s. This conveying method is suitable for short distance conveying, generally within a conveying distance of 300m. Its characteristics are fast conveying speed, simple equipment, and relatively low investment cost. For example, in some food processing plants, when conveying materials such as flour and sugar powder, dilute phase conveying can quickly transport the materials to various processing stages, meeting the timeliness requirements of production.

密相输送：固体含量在 10 - 30kg/m? ，或固气比大于 25 。操作气速较低，通过较高的气压压送物料。密相输送适用于较远距离输送，可达 500m 以上 。像一些化工企业输送塑料颗粒、化工原料粉末等，由于输送距离较远，采用密相输送可以有效减少能量损耗，提高输送效率。不过，密相输送设备阀门较多，气动、电动设备也多，输送压力高，对管道的耐磨性要求也更高。

Dense phase transportation: solid content between 10-30kg/m, Or the solid to gas ratio is greater than 25. The operating gas speed is low, and the material is pressurized with higher air pressure. Dense phase transportation is suitable for long-distance transportation, up to 500m or more. For some chemical enterprises that transport plastic particles, chemical raw material powders, etc., due to the long distance of transportation, using dense phase transportation can effectively reduce energy loss and improve transportation efficiency. However, dense phase conveying equipment has many valves, pneumatic and electric equipment, high conveying pressure, and higher requirements for pipeline wear resistance.

负压输送：管道内压力低于大气压，物料自吸进料，但卸料需在负压下进行，输送距离相对较短。它的优点是设备投资和负荷较小，适合从多个供料点向一处集中输送。比如在一些小型工厂，将车间内不同位置的物料集中输送到一个处理点时，负压输送就较为适用。但其缺点是运行流速高，管道磨损严重，一旦出现磨损漏洞难以察觉。

Negative pressure conveying: The pressure inside the pipeline is lower than atmospheric pressure, and the material is sucked in by itself, but unloading needs to be carried out under negative pressure, and the conveying distance is relatively short. Its advantage is that it requires less equipment investment and load, making it suitable for centralized transportation from multiple feeding points to one location. For example, in some small factories, negative pressure conveying is more suitable for transporting materials from different locations in the workshop to a single processing point. But its disadvantage is that the operating flow rate is high, the pipeline is severely worn, and once a wear and tear leak occurs, it is difficult to detect.

三、独特优势：工业输送的理想之选

3、 Unique advantage: the ideal choice for industrial conveying

高效连续输送：气力输送系统能够实现连续不间断的物料输送，进料口可连续加料，大大提高了生产效率。与传统的间歇式输送方式相比，减少了输送过程中的停顿时间，使生产流程更加顺畅。

Efficient continuous conveying: The pneumatic conveying system can achieve continuous and uninterrupted material conveying, and the feeding port can continuously add materials, greatly improving production efficiency. Compared with traditional intermittent conveying methods, it reduces the downtime during the conveying process, making the production process smoother.

环保清洁：物料在密闭的管道内输送，避免了粉尘飞扬和物料泄漏，减少了对环境的污染，同时也保障了操作人员的健康。对于一些对环境要求较高的行业，如食品、医药等，气力输送系统的这一优势尤为突出。

Environmentally friendly and clean: Materials are transported in sealed pipelines, avoiding dust flying and material leakage, reducing environmental pollution, and also ensuring the health of operators. For industries with high environmental requirements, such as food and medicine, the advantage of pneumatic conveying systems is particularly prominent.

灵活布置：输送管道可以根据工厂的布局和实际需求进行灵活设置，能够适应复杂的空间环境，可水平、垂直或倾斜安装，充分利用空间，减少占地面积。

Flexible arrangement: The conveying pipeline can be flexibly set according to the layout and actual needs of the factory, and can adapt to complex spatial environments. It can be installed horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, making full use of space and reducing footprint.

多功能集成：在输送过程中，还可以同时进行物料的加热、冷却、干燥和气流分级等物理操作，甚至某些化学反应，实现了多种功能的集成，提高了生产的综合性和灵活性。

Multi functional integration: During the conveying process, physical operations such as heating, cooling, drying, and airflow classification of materials can be carried out simultaneously, and even certain chemical reactions can be carried out, achieving the integration of multiple functions and improving the comprehensiveness and flexibility of production.

四、广泛应用：贯穿多个工业领域

4、 Widely used: spanning multiple industrial fields

化工行业：在化工生产中，大量的粉状、颗粒状原料和产品需要输送。气力输送系统可用于输送各种化工原料，如塑料颗粒、化肥、颜料等，确保生产过程中物料的稳定供应和高效流转。

Chemical industry: In chemical production, a large amount of powdered and granular raw materials and products need to be transported. Pneumatic conveying systems can be used to transport various chemical raw materials, such as plastic pellets, fertilizers, pigments, etc., ensuring stable supply and efficient circulation of materials during the production process.

食品行业：从谷物、面粉到调味料、奶粉等各类食品原料和成品，气力输送系统都能发挥重要作用。它不仅保证了食品的卫生安全，还能实现精确的定量输送，满足食品生产的严格要求。

Food industry: Pneumatic conveying systems play an important role in various food raw materials and products, from grains and flour to seasonings, milk powder, and more. It not only ensures the hygiene and safety of food, but also achieves precise quantitative delivery, meeting the strict requirements of food production.

建筑材料行业：水泥、石灰、石膏粉等建筑材料的输送是建筑行业生产的重要环节。气力输送系统能够高效地将这些材料输送到搅拌站、施工现场等，提高建筑施工的效率和质量。

Building materials industry: The transportation of building materials such as cement, lime, gypsum powder, etc. is an important link in the production of the building industry. The pneumatic conveying system can efficiently transport these materials to mixing plants, construction sites, etc., improving the efficiency and quality of construction.

医药行业：药品的生产对环境和卫生要求极高，气力输送系统的密闭性和清洁性正好满足了这一需求。它可以用于输送药品原料、中间体和成品，确保药品在输送过程中不受污染，保证药品质量。

The pharmaceutical industry: The production of drugs requires extremely high environmental and hygiene requirements, and the airtightness and cleanliness of pneumatic conveying systems precisely meet this demand. It can be used to transport pharmaceutical raw materials, intermediates, and finished products, ensuring that drugs are not contaminated during transportation and guaranteeing drug quality.

五、维护要点：保障系统稳定运行

5、 Maintenance points: Ensure stable operation of the system

定期检查管道：定期检查输送管道的磨损情况，尤其是弯头、变径等部位，这些地方由于气流方向改变和流速变化，容易出现磨损。若发现管道磨损严重，应及时更换，防止物料泄漏和管道堵塞。

Regular pipeline inspection: Regularly inspect the wear of the conveying pipeline, especially the bends, reducers, and other parts, which are prone to wear due to changes in airflow direction and velocity. If severe pipeline wear is found, it should be replaced in a timely manner to prevent material leakage and pipeline blockage.

清洁过滤设备：气力输送系统中的过滤器、分离器等设备需要定期清洁，防止杂质和物料堆积，影响设备的正常运行和分离效果。同时，要检查过滤元件的完整性，如有损坏及时更换。

Cleaning filtration equipment: Filters, separators, and other equipment in pneumatic conveying systems need to be regularly cleaned to prevent impurities and material accumulation, which can affect the normal operation and separation efficiency of the equipment. At the same time, it is necessary to check the integrity of the filter element and replace it promptly if it is damaged.

维护气源设备：气源设备如风机、空气压缩机等是气力输送系统的动力源，要定期检查其运行状态，包括压力、温度、振动等参数。及时更换易损件，如风机的皮带、轴承，空气压缩机的密封件等，确保气源稳定可靠。

Maintain air source equipment: Air source equipment such as fans, air compressors, etc. are the power sources of pneumatic conveying systems, and their operating status, including pressure, temperature, vibration, and other parameters, should be regularly checked. Timely replace vulnerable parts such as fan belts, bearings, and seals of air compressors to ensure stable and reliable air supply.

校准仪表仪器：系统中的压力计、流量计、料位计等仪表仪器要定期校准，保证测量数据的准确性，以便操作人员及时掌握系统运行状态，做出正确的调整和决策。

Calibration instruments: Pressure gauges, flow meters, level gauges, and other instruments in the system should be regularly calibrated to ensure the accuracy of measurement data, so that operators can timely grasp the operating status of the system and make correct adjustments and decisions.

气力输送系统以其高效、环保、灵活等优势，成为现代工业生产中不可或缺的物料输送方式。随着技术的不断发展和创新，气力输送系统将在更多领域得到应用，并不断提升工业生产的效率和质量。

Pneumatic conveying systems have become an indispensable material conveying method in modern industrial production due to their advantages of high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and flexibility. With the continuous development and innovation of technology, pneumatic conveying systems will be applied in more fields and continuously improve the efficiency and quality of industrial production.

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