随着气力输送技术的快速发展，气力输送在各个行业中的应用越来越广泛。然而，在气力输送过程中，堵塞事故是一种非常常见的问题。堵塞会造成生产停滞，影响生产效率。为了实现气力输送的、稳定、可靠的运行，必须采取适当的防护措施。本文将深入探讨气力输送堵塞事故防护设施。

With the rapid development of pneumatic conveying technology, the application of pneumatic conveying in various industries is becoming increasingly widespread. However, blockage accidents are a very common problem during pneumatic conveying. Blockage can cause production stagnation and affect production efficiency. In order to achieve efficient, stable, and reliable operation of pneumatic conveying, appropriate protective measures must be taken. This article will delve into the protective facilities for pneumatic conveying blockage accidents.

01气力输送堵塞的原因

01 Reasons for pneumatic conveying blockage

物料本身的特性

The characteristics of the material itself

如粘性大、潮湿、易结块等，这些特性会使物料在输送过程中发生卡塞，从而导致堵塞。

Features such as high viscosity, moisture, and tendency to clump can cause material to jam during transportation, leading to blockage.

运输形式的不适宜

Inappropriate transportation form

物料在输送过程中若过于高速、过于密度大、太多弯头转弯、过长输送距离、物料输送通道变窄等，都会造成气力输送堵塞事故。

If the material is transported at too high speed, with too high density, too many bends, too long conveying distance, or the material conveying channel becomes narrow, it can all cause pneumatic conveying blockage accidents.

气力源问题

Air source issue

气力输送是通过气压来输送物料，所以气源的稳定性和充分性会直接影响气力输送的稳定性，如气压不足、漏气等问题，都会导致气力输送堵塞事故。

Pneumatic conveying uses air pressure to transport materials, so the stability and adequacy of the air source directly affect the stability of pneumatic conveying. Problems such as insufficient air pressure and leakage can lead to pneumatic conveying blockage accidents.

02气力输送堵塞事故的防护设施

02 Protective facilities for pneumatic conveying blockage accidents

反吹装置

Blowback device

反吹装置是气力输送系统非常重要的一个装置，是预防气力输送堵塞的一种有效手段。反吹装置通常是安装在输送管道的下游，通过高压气体吹洗的方式清理管道内的物料，避免物料堵塞。反吹装置的使用可以有效地减少气力输送过程中的堵塞事故发生。

The blowback device is a very important device in the pneumatic conveying system and an effective means of preventing blockages in pneumatic conveying. The reverse blowing device is usually installed downstream of the conveying pipeline, and the material inside the pipeline is cleaned by high-pressure gas blowing to avoid material blockage. The use of anti blowing devices can effectively reduce the occurrence of blockage accidents during pneumatic conveying.

物料控制装置

Material control device

物料控制装置是预防气力输送堵塞必不可少的装置之一。这种装置通常是安装在管道内的特定位置，并通过开关控制物料的运动。通过合理的安装位置和控制机制，物料控制装置可以有效地控制物料在气力输送过程中的运动轨迹，避免物料在输送过程中发生卡塞接着导致堵塞事故的发生。

The material control device is one of the essential devices to prevent blockages in pneumatic conveying. This type of device is usually installed at a specific location inside the pipeline and controls the movement of materials through a switch. Through reasonable installation positions and control mechanisms, the material control device can effectively control the movement trajectory of materials during pneumatic conveying, avoiding the occurrence of blockage accidents caused by material jamming during the conveying process.

检测监控装置

Detection and monitoring device

检测监控装置是气力输送堵塞事故防护的辅助装置，可以通过实时监控物料的运动情况，以及气源的稳定性等参数，预测并预防气力输送堵塞事故的发生。常用的检测监控装置有物位传感器、压力传感器等。

The detection and monitoring device is an auxiliary device for preventing pneumatic conveying blockage accidents. It can predict and prevent the occurrence of pneumatic conveying blockage accidents by monitoring the movement of materials and the stability of the gas source in real time. Common detection and monitoring devices include level sensors, pressure sensors, etc.

排滞方式

Exclusion method

排滞方式是一种在气力输送发生堵塞事故时，进行处理的方式。一般常见的排滞方式有机械排堵和气力排堵。机械排堵需要停机，常用于修复管道损坏等情况；而气力排堵则通过向堵塞处喷射高压气体的方式，让物料重新流动并流出。气力排堵方式不需要停机，可以提升气力输送的连续性和效率。

The elimination method is a way to deal with blockage accidents in pneumatic conveying. The common methods of blockage removal include mechanical blockage removal and pneumatic blockage removal. Mechanical blockage removal requires shutdown and is commonly used to repair pipeline damage and other situations; Pneumatic blockage removal involves injecting high-pressure gas into the blockage area to allow the material to flow again and flow out. The pneumatic blockage removal method does not require a shutdown and can improve the continuity and efficiency of pneumatic conveying.

03气力输送堵塞事故的方法

03 Solution to pneumatic conveying blockage accident

通风冷却

Ventilation cooling

物料温度过高时，容易导致物料在输送过程中发生卡塞而堵塞。如果发现物料温度过高，可以通过通风冷却的方式来降低物料温度，避免物料发生卡塞。

When the temperature of the material is too high, it is easy to cause jamming and blockage of the material during transportation. If the temperature of the material is found to be too high, ventilation and cooling can be used to reduce the temperature of the material and prevent it from getting stuck.

增加气源压力

Increase air source pressure

当发现气压不足，可能会导致气力输送堵塞事故，因此需要增加气源压力，以便物料顺利流动。在增加气源压力时，需要注意控制好压力大小，避免压力过大造成其他问题。

When insufficient air pressure is found, it may lead to pneumatic conveying blockage accidents, so it is necessary to increase the air source pressure to facilitate the smooth flow of materials. When increasing the pressure of the gas source, it is necessary to pay attention to controlling the pressure to avoid other problems caused by excessive pressure.

处理粘稠物料

Handling viscous materials

粘稠物料容易在管道内产生黏附，导致卡塞、粘连等问题，从而导致堵塞。可以通过加热、稀释等方式来改变物料的特性，减少物料在管道内的黏附。

Viscous materials are prone to sticking inside the pipeline, causing problems such as jamming and adhesion, leading to blockage. The characteristics of the material can be changed through heating, dilution, and other methods to reduce the adhesion of the material in the pipeline.

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