气力输送系统可以选配某些工艺。因此，为了更好地发挥各自的作用，最终提高输送效率，各种气力输送设备的应用参数要共同考虑，以便后期它们能密切的合作。一方面，送风设计应尽量满足工艺要求；另一方面，工艺安排也应考虑空气供应的合理性，并进行必要的调整。因此，在设计工艺流程时，应结合具体情况，尽量采用先进的技术和设备。在保证成品质量的前提下，简化工艺，防止循环。优先选用生产效率高、功能多的组合设备，减少设备数量、吊装次数和物料总吊装量，这是降低送风能耗的基础

Pneumatic conveying systems can be equipped with certain processes. Therefore, in order to better play their respective roles and ultimately improve conveying efficiency, the application parameters of various pneumatic conveying equipment should be considered together so that they can work closely together in the later stage. On the one hand, the air supply design should try to meet the process requirements as much as possible; On the other hand, the process arrangement should also consider the rationality of air supply and make necessary adjustments. Therefore, when designing the process flow, advanced technology and equipment should be adopted as much as possible based on specific circumstances. Simplify the process and prevent cycles while ensuring the quality of the finished product. Prioritize the use of combination equipment with high production efficiency and multiple functions, reduce the number of equipment, lifting frequency, and total material lifting volume, which is the basis for reducing air supply energy consumption

此外，为确保气流的连续性和稳定性，辅助流和支流应均匀合并。尽可能考虑气流的综合利用，使气流在输送物料时能完成除尘、除杂、分级、混合、加热或冷却等部分功能，实现一风多用。设备布置要求整齐紧凑，不妨碍操作，有利于缩短吊装高度。尽量避免进料管弯曲 必须将卸料装置放置在厂房顶层的最高位置，给料机放置在底层的最低位置，以充分利用这一空间高度，依靠物料的气流输送，分层布置工艺设备，这是减少吊装次数的重要措施之一，同时，为了缩短连接管道，气力输送风机应布置在给料机附近，除尘器布置在车间顶层。

In addition, to ensure the continuity and stability of the airflow, the auxiliary flow and tributaries should be uniformly merged. Consider the comprehensive utilization of airflow as much as possible, so that the airflow can complete functions such as dust removal, impurity removal, classification, mixing, heating or cooling when conveying materials, achieving multi-purpose use of one air. The equipment layout should be neat and compact, not hinder operation, and be conducive to shortening the lifting height. To avoid bending of the feed pipe as much as possible, the discharge device must be placed at the highest position on the top floor of the factory building, and the feeder should be placed at the lowest position on the bottom floor to fully utilize this space height. By relying on the airflow of materials for transportation and arranging process equipment in layers, this is one of the important measures to reduce the number of lifting times. At the same time, in order to shorten the connecting pipeline, the pneumatic conveying fan should be arranged near the feeder, and the dust collector should be arranged on the top floor of the workshop.

气力输送系统的设计计算任务，是设计并确定系统与设备的组合形式每个输送管道和空气输送设备的规格和尺寸根据规定的条件。计算所需的风量和压力损失， 因此正确的选择合适的风机和电机，以确保系统能够经济可靠地工作。输送能力、输送风速和输送浓度（固气比）是计算空气输送系统的主要参数。这些参数对系统中每个设备的大小、整个系统所需的功率以及系统的稳定性和可靠性起着决定性的作用。因此，正确、合理地确定这些参数对于气力输送有效、经济地工作非常重要。

The design and calculation task of pneumatic conveying system is to design and determine the combination form of system and equipment, and the specifications and dimensions of each conveying pipeline and air conveying equipment according to the specified conditions. Calculate the required air volume and pressure loss, so choose the appropriate fan and motor correctly to ensure that the system can work economically and reliably. The conveying capacity, conveying wind speed, and conveying concentration (solid gas ratio) are the main parameters for calculating the air conveying system. These parameters play a decisive role in the size of each device in the system, the power required for the entire system, and the stability and reliability of the system. Therefore, accurately and reasonably determining these parameters is crucial for the effective and economical operation of pneumatic conveying.

1.输送能力的确定

1. Determination of conveying capacity

气力输送能力通常在工艺中设定。但是，作为气力输送系统计算基础的计算输送量应为输送管道在正常运行中可能遇到的最大物料量，因此应考虑一定的储备的输送量。设计输送能力，根据工艺流量平衡表或其他要求确定。如有必要，应测量精度。储备系数，该系数应考虑可能引起流量变化的因素，如原材料质量的变化、含水量水平、操作指标的变化等。气力输送储备系数应根据具体情况确定。如果仅仅为了运输安全而不适当地增加，将导致设备的增加和电力的浪费。此外，由于计算结果与实际生产情况不符，会带来操作困难和容易发生故障。

The pneumatic conveying capacity is usually set in the process. However, as the basis for calculating the pneumatic conveying system, the calculated conveying volume should be the maximum amount of material that the conveying pipeline may encounter during normal operation, so a certain reserve conveying volume should be considered. Design the conveying capacity based on the process flow balance sheet or other requirements. If necessary, the accuracy should be measured. Reserve coefficient, which should consider factors that may cause changes in flow rate, such as changes in raw material quality, moisture content levels, and changes in operating indicators. The reserve coefficient of pneumatic conveying should be determined according to specific circumstances. If the increase is not appropriate solely for transportation safety, it will lead to an increase in equipment and waste of electricity. In addition, due to the discrepancy between the calculated results and the actual production situation, it may cause operational difficulties and be prone to malfunctions.

2.输送风速的确定

2. Determination of conveying wind speed

输送管内的风速，必须确保物料能够可靠输送，并考虑工作的经济性。风速太高，耗电太大。功耗几乎与风速的三次方成正比。风速太低，对物料输送能力变化的适应能力小，工作不稳定，容易堵塞或掉落物料。因此，在保证气力输送输送稳定性和可靠性的前提下，应尽量采用较低的风速。一般情况下，当物料的比重和颗粒较大，输送浓度较高，或管道弯曲水平运输时，所需风速应取较大值，否则取较小值。

The wind speed inside the conveying pipe must ensure the reliable transportation of materials and consider the economic efficiency of the work. The wind speed is too high and the power consumption is too high. Power consumption is almost proportional to the third power of wind speed. The wind speed is too low, the adaptability to changes in material conveying capacity is small, the work is unstable, and it is easy to block or drop materials. Therefore, while ensuring the stability and reliability of pneumatic conveying, lower wind speeds should be used as much as possible. In general, when the specific gravity and particle size of the material are large, the conveying concentration is high, or when the pipeline is bent for horizontal transportation, the required wind speed should be taken as the larger value, otherwise the smaller value should be taken.

3.输送浓度的测定

3. Determination of transport concentration

气力输送输送浓度，指输送管道中输送的物料量与空气量的比值，或固气比或浓度比，即每千克空气可输送的物料千克数。输送一定量的物料需要一定量的压缩空气，这会消耗电力。如果压缩空气较少，则可降低功耗。同时，在少用空气的情况下，还可以减少整个气力输送的管道、卸料机、除尘器和风机。这样可以节省原材料消耗和投资成本，这是高输送浓度的有利方面，并不是输送的固气比越大越好，是必须控制在适当的范围内。如果固气比或浓度较高，输送压力损失会增加，操作困难，容易造成堵塞和管道振动。此外，考虑到空气有时具有通风和空气分离的任务，必须保证一定的风量。因此，过分追求高浓度和高固气比并不总是合适的。浓度与系统的风量和压力损失直接相关。在选择输送固气比时，还应考虑此时风量和阻力是否与风机的风量和风量相适应，即风机能否高效工作。否则，尽管浓度很高，但风机不能在高效率下工作，功耗也不一定会降低。

The concentration of pneumatic conveying refers to the ratio of the amount of material conveyed in the conveying pipeline to the amount of air, or the solid gas ratio or concentration ratio, which is the number of kilograms of material that can be conveyed per kilogram of air. Transporting a certain amount of material requires a certain amount of compressed air, which consumes electricity. If there is less compressed air, power consumption can be reduced. At the same time, by using less air, the entire pneumatic conveying pipeline, unloader, dust collector, and fan can be reduced. This can save raw material consumption and investment costs, which is a beneficial aspect of high transport concentration. It is not necessarily better to transport with a larger solid gas ratio, but must be controlled within an appropriate range. If the solid gas ratio or concentration is high, the pressure loss during transportation will increase, making it difficult to operate and prone to blockage and pipeline vibration. In addition, considering that air sometimes has the task of ventilation and air separation, a certain amount of air volume must be ensured. Therefore, excessive pursuit of high concentration and high solid to gas ratio is not always appropriate. The concentration is directly related to the air volume and pressure loss of the system. When selecting the solid to gas ratio for conveying, consideration should also be given to whether the air volume and resistance at this time are suitable for the air volume and air volume of the fan, that is, whether the fan can work efficiently. Otherwise, despite the high concentration, the fan cannot operate at high efficiency and power consumption may not necessarily decrease.

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